Supplemental Readings

Assessing the International Court of Justice

Non-Appearance, Non-Participation and Non-Performance

1. Dillard, Law, Policy and the World Court - Attacking Some Misconceptions, 17 Willamette L. Rev. 13-25 (1980).
2. Elkind, Non-Appearance Before the International Court of Justice: Functional and Comparative Analysis, 31-77 (1984).
3. Fitzmaurice, The Problem of the Non-Appearing Defendant, 51 Brit. Y.B. Int'l L. 89-122 (1980).
4. Highet, Nonappearance and Disappearance Before the International Court of Justice, 81 Am. J. Int'l L. 237-254 (1987).
5. Scott & Csajko, Compulsory Jurisdiction and Defiance in the World Court: A Comparison of the PCIJ and the ICJ, 16 Den. J. Int'l L. & Pol'y 377-392 (1988).
6. Charney, "Disputes Implicating the Institutional Credibility of the Court: Problems of Non-Appearance, Non-Participation, and Non-Performance", The International Court of Justice at a Crossroads, 288-319 (L. Damrosh ed. 1987).
7. Gross, Underutilization of the International Court of Justice, 27 Harv. Int'l L. J., 571-597 (1986).

U.S. Non-Appearance in the Nicaragua Case

1. Chayes, Nicaragua, the U.S. and the World Court, 85 Columbia L. Rev. 1445-1482 (1985).
2. D'Amato, Nicaragua and International Law: The "Academic" and the "Real", 79 Am. J. Int'l L. 657-664 (1985).
3. Highet, Litigation Implications of the U.S. Withdrawal from the Nicaragua Case, 78 Am. J. Int'l L. 992-1005 (1985).
4. Meara, Applying the Critical Jurisprudence of International Law in the Case Concerning Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua, 71 Va. L. Rev. 1183-1210 (1985).
5. Nanda, United States Intervention in Nicaragua: Reflections in Light of the Decision of the International Court of Justice in Nicaragua v. United States, 9 U. Haw. L. Rev., 553-565 (1987).
6. Norton, The Nicaragua Case: Political Questions Before the International Court of Justice, 22 Va. J. Int'l L. 459-526 (1987).
7. Panel Session, The Jurisprudence of the Court in the Nicaragua Decision, 1987 Am. Soc. Int'l L. Proc. 258-277.
8. Panel Session, The World Court, 1986 Am. Soc. Int'l L. Proc. 201-221.
9. Rowles, Nicaragua versus the United States: Issues of Law and Policy, 20 Int'l Lawy. 1245-1288 (1986).
10. United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran (U.S. v. Iran), 1980 ICJ 3.

Fact-Finding by the I.C.J.

1. Highet, "Evidence and Proof of Facts", The International Court of Justice at a Crossroads 355-375 (L. Damrosh ed. 1987).
2. Highet, Evidence, the Court and the Nicaragua Case, 81 Am. J. Int'l L. 1-56 (1987).
3. Thirlway, Dilemma or Chimera? - Admissibility of Illegally Obtained Evidence in International Adjudication, 78 Am. J. Int'l L. 622-641 (1984).
4. Panel Discussion, "Factfinding by the International Court with Particular Regard to 'Fluid' Situations", 1987 Am. Soc. Int'l L. Proc. 484-501 (1987).

International Incidents

1. Reisman & Williard, eds., International Incidents: The Law That Counts in World Politics, 3-24 (1988).
2. Falk, The Validity of the Incidents Genre, 12 Yale J. Int'l L. 376-85 (1987).
3. Bowett, International Incidents: New Genre or New Delusion?, 12 Yale J. Int'l L. 386-95 (1987).
4. A. Chayes, The Cuban Missile Crisis 8-40 (1962).
5. Malone, The Chernobyl Accident: A Case Study in International Law Regulating State Responsibility for Transboundary Nuclear Pollution, 12 Colum. J. Envtl. L. 203-41 (1987).
6. Stein, Contempt, Crisis, and the Court: The World Court and the Hostage Rescue Attempt, 76 Am. J. Int'l L. 499-531 (1982).

Enforcement and the Use of Interim Measures

1. Gross, The Case Concerning U.S. Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran: Phase of Provisional Measures, 74 Am. J. Int'l L. 395-410 (1980).
2. Haven, The Status of Interim Measures of the International Court of Justice After the Iranian Hostage Crisis, 11 Cal. West. Int'l L. J. 515-542 (1981).
3. M.E. O'Connell, The Prospects for Enforcing Monetary Judgments of the International Court of Justice: A Study of Nicaragua's Judgment Against the United States, 30 Va. J. Int'l L. 891-940 (1990).
4. Schacter, The Enforcement of International Judicial & Arbitral Decisions, 54 Am. J. Int'l L. 1-24 (1960).
5. Statute of the International Court of Justice, Art. 41.
6. Sztucki, Interim Measures in the Hague Court: An Attempt at Scrutiny 221-302 (1983).